Hemoglobin‐based‐oxygen‐carrier treatment exacerbates severity of acute hypoxia induced pulmonary vascular leak

NOD2 deficiency exacerbates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and enhances pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation

Expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2) is upregulated in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) during hypoxia. To investigate the involvement of NOD2 in the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia, we subjected wild-type and NOD2-deficient mice to chronic normobaric hypoxic conditions. Compared to wild-type mice, NOD2-deficient mice developed severe pulm...

Hypoxia decreases lung neprilysin expression and increases pulmonary vascular leak.

Although prior studies suggest that hypoxia may increase pulmonary vascular permeability, the mechanisms responsible for that effect remain uncertain. Neprilysin (neutral endopeptidase) is a cell surface metallopeptidase that degrades several vasoactive peptides including substance P and bradykinin. We hypothesized that hypoxia could reduce lung neprilysin expression, leading to increased vascu...

A2B adenosine receptor dampens hypoxia-induced vascular leak.

Extracellular adenosine has been implicated in adaptation to hypoxia and previous studies demonstrated a central role in vascular responses. Here, we examined the contribution of individual adenosine receptors (ARs: A1AR/A2AAR/A2BAR/A3AR) to vascular leak induced by hypoxia. Initial profiling studies revealed that siRNA-mediated repression of the A2BAR selectively increased endothelial leak in ...

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 transgene expression increases pulmonary vascular resistance and exacerbates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension development

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary arterial resistance and vessel remodeling. Patients living with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) have an increased susceptibility to develop severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) irrespective of their CD4+ lymphocyte counts. While the underlying cause of HIV-PAH remains unknown, the interactio...

Pulmonary Capillary Leak Syndrome